The change in total cost from producing another unit of output equals the

Which of the following statements regarding the creation of brand loyalty to create and maintain market power is false?

A) Brand loyalty efforts often focus on creating perceived, as opposed to real, differences among products. B) Brand loyalty can be enhanced by improving the level of service associated with a particular product. C) One study showed that, in the case of competing beers, brand loyalty has relatively little to do with price. D) Brand loyalty is determined primarily by real differences in competing products.

Refer to the tables below. Assume that prior to specialization and trade Germany and the United States both choose production possibility C. Now if each specializes according to its comparative advantage, the resulting gains from specialization and trade will be:

Autos and chemicals are in million of units in the following production possibilities tables:



A. 8 million units of autos
B. 6 million units of autos
C. 6 million units of autos and 8 million units of chemicals
D. 8 million units of autos and 6 million units of chemicals