Dr. Wolfe is studying the walking behavior of students on a college campus by noting where the grass has been trampled most often in the campus courtyard. This kind of measure would best qualify as a(n) __________ type of physical trace

George and Logan are brothers. They live in a small apartment in the city with some other relatives. Their family is extremely poor. Their father is hardest on George, the eldest, and sometimes physically abuses the brothers. Which environmental factor is likely to be most important in the later adjustment of George and Logan?

A. Their poverty B. The overcrowding of their living situation C. The physical abuse D. The fact that they live with other family members

Experiences linked to age and occurring with most adults are called _______

a. tribalizations b. normative age-graded influences c. age periods d. cohorts