The federal budget surplus recorded in 1998, resulted from a decrease in taxes and rapid growth in federal outlays

Studies have shown that smoking cigarettes can cause heart disease. Assume this is true, and favorable weather has increased the tobacco harvest in North Carolina. In the market for cigarettes, these two developments would

A) increase demand and increase supply resulting in an increase in the equilibrium quantity and an uncertain effect on the equilibrium price of cigarettes. B) decrease demand and decrease supply, resulting in an increase in the equilibrium quantity and a decrease in the equilibrium price of cigarettes. C) decrease demand and increase supply, resulting in a decrease in the equilibrium price and an uncertain effect on the equilibrium quantity of cigarettes. D) decrease demand and increase supply, resulting in an increase in both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity of cigarettes.

If, as a perfectly competitive industry expands, it can supply larger quantities only at a higher long-run equilibrium price, it is

A) a decreasing-cost industry. B) a fixed-cost industry. C) a constant-cost industry. D) an increasing-cost industry.