What are those social welfare programs for which no contributions are required and only those defined as low-income are eligible? These programs include food stamps, Medicaid, and Family Assistance

In which type of suit does the plaintiff typically consist of a group that suffered a common injury?

a. class action b. group action c. class litigation d. common action e. group litigation

When a change in the dependent variable could be due to changes in how the dependent variable was measured, _________ is a threat to internal validity

a. attrition b. testing c. diffusion of treatment d. instrumentation