A classification of types of governments using the terms "polity," "aristocracy," and "democracy" was first offered by:

The Koran's opening command is that one should:

A. pray B. fast C. obey D. read E. meditate

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. The number of independent countries in the world has grown since the 1940s. 2. Most real-world cases are probably characterized by aspects of both types of transition process. 3. Glasnost was a policy created by Gorbachev aimed at liberalizing and regenerating the Soviet economy. 4. The transition to democracy that occurred in East Germany in 1989 represents but one case of a top-down transition. 5. Collective action theory focuses on forms of mass action, or “collective action,” such as the protests in East Germany in 1989.