Physicians often say, "When you hear hoof beats behind you, think horses, not zebras." In terms of this chapter, this idea most closely resembles

Brown and DeLoache (1978) describe young children as "universal novices." What do they mean by this statement?

A) Young children more easily create autobiographical memories than older children. B) Young children simply do not have as strong a knowledge base as older children. C) Young children are better able to chunk information than older children. D) Young children have more domain-specific knowledge than older children.

Subsequent researchers have found evidence that some cognitive abilities identified by Piaget __________.

A. simply do not exist B. emerge earlier in development than Piaget thought C. are dependent on the background of the infant D. emerge later in development than Piaget thought