In a _________ form of government, an elected city council hires a professional administrator to implement council policy and manage day-to-day city operations

When a change in the dependent variable could be due to participants' familiarity with the test, __________ is a threat to internal validity

a. attrition b. testing c. diffusion of treatment d. instrumentation

Which of the following types of systems works in multimember districts instead of single-member districts?

A. single nontransferable vote system B. alternative vote system C. single-member district plurality system D. majority-runoff two-round system