Pleasure principle is to _______ as reality principle is to _______

In Substage 5 of the sensorimotor period, toddlers

A) create mental representations. B) repeat chance behaviors largely motivated by basic needs. C) repeat behaviors with variation. D) arrive at solutions suddenly rather than through trial-and-error.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the treatment of specific phobias? a. Structured exposure-based exercises are no longer considered necessary

b. Individuals with "blood" phobias must learn to relax their muscles to keep their blood pressure high enough to prevent fainting. c. Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning. d. Avoiding a phobic situation weakens the phobic response.