When did the Fed first begin to use open market operations as a policy tool?

Which of the following is not a problem with poorly defined property rights?

a. Insufficient incentive exists to produce resources that cannot be protected. b. Resources will tend to be underutilized. c. Individuals may be able to use resources without paying for them. d. Little incentive to conserve on the use of poorly defined resources.

Which of the following would cause a decrease in the exchange value of the U.S. dollar?

a. A decrease in the amount of foreign debt purchased by U.S. citizens b. An increase in U.S. exports c. An increase in U.S. imports d. Increased demand by foreigners to buy U.S. government securities