A consol bond promises to pay $1000 each year, forever, starting next year. If the nominal interest rate is 5%, the present discounted value of this consol is

How could the Federal Reserve encourage banks to lend out more of their reserves?

(A) By raising the required amount of reserves. (B) By reducing the money supply. (C) By reducing the discount rate. (D) By increasing the prime rate.

The federal goal of making land widely accessible, especially in the last half of the 19th century,

a. was largely realized without fraud or favoritism. b. was implemented despite a process that favored special interests. c. was often subverted by fraud. d. None of the above is correct. e. Only b and c are correct.