Two students are discussing their teacher's inability to remember student names. One attributes the inability to a poor memory, but the other believes it is due to a lack of motivation. Researchers would judge which of the two explanations is best by
a. attributing the inability to a situational variable.
b. measuring how strongly each friend feels about his opinion.
c. attributing the inability to remember to a dispositional variable.
d. determining how well each explanation predicts behavior in new situations.
Answer: d. determining how well each explanation predicts behavior in new situations.
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In examination of the decision accuracy of a selection battery, the number of applicants who were not hired, and who would have performed poorly if they had been, are known as:
A) false positives. B) correct rejections. C) false alarms. D) misses.
Maccoby and Jacklin's conclusions about gender differences have been criticized because they
a. included some weak studies in their review. b. based their findings on only a few studies. c. did not examine gender differences in verbal and mathematical ability. d. did not consider the age of children in the studies.