Positive reinforcers increase the probability of a behavior whereas negative reinforcers decrease the probability of a behavior

Nearly one-third of all pregnancies result in miscarriage, most occurring in the first three months

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Two variables interact when a. there are main effects b. there are no main effects c. both variables are affected equally by some third factor

d. the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of the other independent variable