Of the collection of supply and demand diagrams in Figure 2.2, which one shows the result of an increase in the price of a substitute for a good?

To eliminate an inflationary gap, the aggregate demand curve should

a. shift outward. b. become vertical. c. become horizontal. d. shift inward.

Whom among the following was a classical economist?

A. David Ricardo B. Jean-Baptiste Say C. Adam Smith D. all of these