Suppose that you are having trouble recalling the information for a question about Baddeley's theory because the information about Atkinson and Shiffrin's theory (which you learned earlier) keeps interfering. This phenomenon is called

Jaliah wants to play with a certain toy, but every time she tries to reach for it, another child pushes her away. This situation, in which Jaliah's goal is blocked, would best be considered an example of:

a. instrumental aggression b. modeling c. frustration d. assertiveness

Using a specified content area as the basis for comparison illustrates

a) norm-referenced testing b) predictive-referenced testing c) criterion-referenced testing d) concurrent-referenced testing