Indications for delivering sigh breaths during mechanical ventilation include which of the fol-lowing? 1. Before and after suctioning 2. During chest physical therapy 3. In patients with stiff lungs 4. When small VT values are used
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
ANS: B
Constant, monotonous tidal ventilation at a small volume (<7 ml/kg) may result in progressive atelectasis. Sighs may be used to prevent atelectasis. Atelectasis may be caused before and after suctioning and when using small tidal volumes. CPT is also used when attempting to correct ate-lectasis.
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A spot lateral L5-S1 projection with accurate positioning demonstrates
1. the L5-S1 intervertebral disk space in the center of the collimated field. 2. an open L5-S1 intervertebral disk space. 3. obscured intervertebral foramina. 4. near-superimposition of the greater sciatic notches. a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 4 only d. 1, 2, and 4 only
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