A nation running a persistent balance of payments deficit while part of a fixed exchange rate system would have to __________ international reserves in an effort to prevent its currency from __________

Which of the following would supply-side economists advocate?

I. reducing tax rates in order to encourage people to work more II. providing investment tax credits to stimulate capital formation spending III. increasing government spending IV. increasing transfer payments to those who want to be retrained for employment A) I, II, III, and IV B) I, II, and III only C) I, II, and IV only D) I and II only

Mrs. Smith is operating a firm in a competitive market. The market price is $6.50 . At her profit-maximizing level of output, her average total cost of production is $7.00, and her average variable cost of production is $6.00 . Which of the following statements about Mrs. Smith's firm is correct?

a. Mrs. Smith is earning a loss and should shut down in the short run. b. Mrs. Smith is earning a loss but should continue to operate in the short run. c. Mrs. Smith is earning a profit since the price is above the average variable cost. d. Without knowing Mrs. Smith's marginal cost, we cannot determine whether she should stay in business or shut down.