Which of the following best describes social costs?
a. The external costs borne by other members of society, ignoring the private costs to market participants.
b. The sum of external costs and private costs.
c. External costs minus private costs.
d. Private costs minus external costs.
b
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Offshoring refers to the the process in which: a. a firm hires laborers from a foreign market
b. a firm purchases service from another firm. c. a firm purchases service from another firm in another country. d. workers of a particular country seek employment in a firm of a foreign country. e. the government of a country works toward providing social security and other rights to migrant workers.
Some countries have had high inflation for a long time. Others have had low or moderate inflation for a long time. Which of the following, at least in theory, could explain why some countries would continue to have high inflation?
a. High inflation countries have relatively small sacrifice ratios and so see no need to reduce inflation. b. Inflation reduction works best when it is unexpected, and people in high inflation countries would quickly anticipate any change in monetary policy. c. In a country where inflation has been high for a long time, people are likely to have found ways to limit the costs. d. In a country where inflation has been high for a long time, there are no costs to the inflation.