Economists will always reach the same conclusion in their positive analyses

Which of the following is NOT true about the $3 per pizza tax illustrated in the above figure?

A) It decreases consumer surplus by $90 thousand. B) It decreases producer surplus by $45 thousand. C) It creates a deadweight loss of $135 thousand. D) None of the above because they are all true.

When Japan's MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry) focused resources on the semiconductor industry, and in particular on Random Access Memory (RAM), it was viewed as a typically successful Japanese foray into a new dynamic strategic

sector. The results, as viewed by the late 1990s A) justified this view. B) led to similar structuring of industrial policy in the U.S. C) lent support to the Brander-Spencer model. D) helped shift the focus of economists away from Japanese-style industrial policy. E) propelled Japan into the leading country in high-tech manufacturing.