As a new parent, Leanne is trying to find a balance between the time she gives to her husband, her daughter, and her business. According to the text, Leanne is in which of the following stages of parenthood?

Paul Ekman and his associates ________

a. developed a special coding system that analyzed and identified the numerous facial muscles. b. developed an inter-observer system to make sure that observers defined expressions reliably. c. interviewed all participants in order to assess unexpressed feelings and motivations. d. monitored the brain waves of participants to determine which hemisphere had higher activation.

Facial feedback is defined as ________

a. the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed. b. a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action, all shaped by cultural rules. c. the emotional reaction of other people to our facial expressions. d. a set of social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or must suppress) emotions.