In a scientific study, the variable that is typically manipulated by the researcher and is presumed to influence the outcome of the study is known as the

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a

A. Sense of object permanence. B. Concept of conservation. C. Capacity for habituation. D. Secure attachment.

When self-defense is used as a defense, what is the key requirement by the courts for its justification?

A. The person is in imminent danger of injury or death. B. The person has temporarily lost the distinction between right and wrong. C. The person is mentally incompetent. D. The person is caught up in irresistible impulse.