Which of the following does not represent a technique used in overall counterbalancing in within-subjects designs?

The fact that American teens spend so much time with others who are almost exactly the same age is the result of

A) finding those who are younger childish and boring. B) not wanting to be bossed around by those who are older. C) policies in schools and organized teen sports. D) the influence of child labor laws.

Which of the following relationships between two variables can be proven by a correlational study?

a. Variable A causes variable B. b. Variable B causes variable A. c. A third variable (C) causes both variable A and B. d. None of the above can be proven by a correlational study.