Which of the following is a limitation on the cognitive life of children in Piaget's preoperational stage?

In class you learned about research on gesture showing that:

a. people learn less from instructors when they can't see them gesture b. it has never been seen in congenitally blind children c. it is highly discouraged in some cultures d. speakers use more representational gestures when they believe their audience can see them

Oscar's room is always a mess. "You must have been raised in a pig pen," said Felix. "No way," responded Oscar, "I was born this way!" The friends are debating the issue of

a. continuous vs. discontinuous development. b. critical vs. sensitive periods. c. nature vs. nurture. d. cultural vs. social development.