Explain the Potential Outcomes Framework and how it is used in an impact evaluation.
What will be an ideal response?
A framework for impact evaluation that has been developed and refined in recent years aids our understanding of that logic and helps us identify the assumptions needed to regard a program effect found in an impact evaluation as sound and convincing. This framework is known as the potential outcomes framework. The potential outcomes framework guides evaluators’ efforts to determine the effects of known causes, which must be distinguished from attempts to determine the causes of known effects. The social programs, policies, or interventions of interest for impact evaluation are the known causes in this formulation and the job of the evaluator is to determine their effects on the targeted outcomes. Attempting to determine the causes of known effects, by contrast, requires a backwards look from outcomes to identify what produced them.
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At its height, the Roman Empire included almost half of the world's population
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
As of 2016, U.S. troop levels in Afghanistan
A. included only a few hundred support personnel. B. were down to about 10,000 troops. C. were increasing, to a projected level of 40,000 troops. D. were holding steady at 55,000 troops. E. included more than 100,000 troops.