Studies of changes in intelligence with age show quite different results, depending on the
type of design that is used. Schaie and Strother showed that, with a longitudinal design,
a. intelligence was essentially unchanged until age 30, then declined sharply.
b. intelligence was essentially unchanged until age 30, then declined gradually.
c. intelligence increased gradually to age 40, then showed a sharp decline.
d. intelligence increased gradually to age 55, then showed a sharp decline.
e. intelligence increased gradually to age 55, then declined gradually.
e. intelligence increased gradually to age 55, then declined gradually.
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According to the Generative Behavior Checklist (McAdams & St. Aubin), which of the following suggests a high degree of generativity?
a) Being independent and self-sufficient b) Believing that one's contributions will survive after death c) Having flexibility in moral behavior d) Abstaining from giving advice to others.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Participants in a study usually react passively to the independent variables. b. Confounding variables may be present in a study after it begins. c. One way to eliminate order effects in a study is to use counterbalancing. d. Participants generally do not try to interpret what is going on in the experimental situation. e. Random assignment assures that all participants are equally likely to be influenced by the independent variables.