Aggregate demand–aggregate supply analysis shows that in the long run the effect of increased aggregate spending on real GDP is:

In 2008, the Fed created a new policy tool called

A) federal funds zero-rate, which required the Fed to lower the rate to near zero percent. B) open market operations, which required the Fed to buy securities from only the federal government. C) quantitative easing, which required the Fed to pay interest on required reserves. D) interest rate reductions, which allowed the Fed to lower interest rates paid to banks. E) quantitative easing, which allowed the Fed to buy private securities as well as government securities.

A rightward shift of the aggregate demand curve leads to

A) an upward movement along the short-run Phillips curve. B) neither a movement along nor a shift in the short-run Phillips curve. C) a downward movement along the short-run Phillips curve. D) a leftward shift of the short-run Phillips curve. E) a rightward shift of the short-run Phillips curve.