A clear advantage of longitudinal designs over cross-sectional designs is that longitudinal designs
a. are quicker and easier to administer
b. can be used to assess the stability of individual differences over long periods
c. allow tighter experimental control over the experiences children encounter
d. are less affected by biased memory effects in which current memories influence perceptions of prior events
Ans: b. can be used to assess the stability of individual differences over long periods
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A researcher examines the effects of marijuana on cognitive functioning. He assigns adults who receive less than 5 hours of sleep per night to the experimental condition and adults who receive 8 hours or more of sleep per night to the control condition. He concludes that marijuana does lower cognitive functioning. Sleep is:
a. an independent variable b. a dependent variable c. confounding variable d. the experimental group e. the control group
The idea that language is a consequence of both environmental and innate factors is known as the ____________ of language development
a. learning theory c. nativist approach b. interactionist approach d. humanistic approach