Which of the following would be a good operational definition for the manipulated independent variable of "level of anxiety"?
A) a person's score on a well validated measure of anxiety
B) a person's self-report of how anxious he or she was in a given situation
C) the characteristics of the situation each person was placed in as part of the study (e.g., a performance task in which the researcher has rigged the task so that some participants almost always succeed and others almost always fail, regardless of their actual performance)
D) the performance of participants on the task described in (C) above
Answer: C
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