Which of the following factors is used as a requirement for voter registration in several states in the United States?

The procedure through which Congress establishes a program, defines its general purpose, devises procedures for its operation, specifies an agency for implementation, and indicates an approximate level of funding is known as which of the following?

a) appropriation process b) a federal mandate c) federal preemption of state authority d) authorization process e) implementation

How did party competition affect the spoils system?

a. It reduced party competition because both parties agreed to share the spoils of government, such as government contracts. b. It discourages voters from participating because the parties were concerned more about government jobs than producing effective policies. c. It generated a significant amount of polarization in the party system because only unified parties could capture enough votes to distribute the spoils of victory. d. It provided a private reward to party activists who helped overcome the free-rider problem, which would have left the parties stillborn.