Which part of the mind operates according to an "idealistic" principle?

Which of the following children would be considered to be normally developing?

A) 6-year-old Devon, who often spills food when eating B) 4-year-old Camille, who can put on her pants and shirt by herself C) 5-year-old Emma, who can tie her own shoes D) 7-year-old Justin, who writes with a palmar grasp

Jackson is a former member of a street gang. He has recently started attending classes at a local community college, has made new friends who don't know about his former gang membership, and is spending time with a woman from an upper-middle-

class background. Jackson heard his new friends and his girlfriend make several snide comments about gang members shortly before he took a test in one of the classes he shares with his new friends. In the light of the stereotype threat idea, this situation may cause Jackson to ________. a) perform better on the test than he otherwise might have b) perform worse on the test than he otherwise might have c) become prejudiced against his new friends and his girlfriend d) regret that he's never mentioned his former gang membership to his new friends