In the 1990s and early 2000s, mortgage lending standards ______________ in the United States. In general, there was a move _____________ traditional lending practices during this period

When the crowding-out effect of an increase in government purchases is included in the analysis:

a. AD shifts left, but by more than the simple multiplier analysis would imply. b. AD shifts left, but by less than the simple multiplier analysis would imply. c. AD shifts right, but by more than the simple multiplier analysis would imply. d. AD shifts right, but by less than the simple multiplier analysis would imply.

When the Federal Reserve sells government bonds to the public, it directly

a. increases the M1 money supply and increases the reserves of the commercial banking system. b. increases the M1 money supply, while reducing the reserves of the commercial banking system. c. reduces the M1 money supply, while increasing the reserves of the commercial banking system. d. reduces the M1 money supply and decreases the reserves of the commercial banking system.