The degree of psychological closeness or immediacy engendered by various media is known as _____

Communication scholar James McCroskey makes all of the following claims about the nature of communication apprehension except:

a. it permeates every facet of an individual's life. b. it is an inborn neurobiological trait. c. it affects major decisions about our lives. d. it affects our behavior in many communication settings. e. it is a trait that can easily be changed.

Before the start of a new project, all 20 team members submitted different proposals. Rather than debating and dissecting each proposal one at a time, the meeting broke up into separate factions, each discussing a separate idea. Thus, the meeting was reduced to a cacophony of unrestrained and unfocused discussion. What was the problem in this meeting?

a. Excessof interaction
b. Excess of meeting structure
c. Excess of groupthink
d. Excess of stringent gatekeeping