Which of the following is NOT true about Brazil's subnational governments?
a. Although subnational governments were initially successful in deflecting additional spending responsibilities for health, education, and infrastructure programs, recent reforms have forced them to adopt a greater share of the financial burden in such areas.
b. An indication of the power of state governments in the Brazilian system can be seen in the fact that many key pieces of reform legislation have been watered down.
c. The bicameral legislatures of states are often dominated by the supporters of the governor.
d. Political decentralization allowed some subnational governments to create innovative policies.
e. Even the most underdeveloped subnational governments in Brazil can promote industrial investment, employment, and social services.
c
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Why did the party convention come to replace the caucus as a mechanism to nominate candidates for political office?
a. The caucus system was opaque, favoring party elites and incumbents. b. The caucus system was inefficient and arbitrary. c. The caucus system overly favored urban business interests. d. The caucus system was too clearly controlled by the executive branch.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Despite their strong support, members do spend time and attention on making sure their primary constituency (or loyalists) is happy. 2. Members who are elected as independents must still organize with one of the two major parties in order to receive committee assignments. 3. Compared to other minority racial and ethnic groups, African Americans are the most underrepresented in Congress. 4. Because more populous states are more racially diverse, the Senate’s equal representation rule acts to boost the voting power and representation of whites. 5. Senate norms and procedures tend to be more formal than in the House of Representatives.