Clientelism is the practice by which a particular group receives disproportionate policy benefits or political favors from a political patron, usually at the expense of the larger society. In Nigeria, patrons are typically linked to clients by any of the following ties EXCEPT

Which did NOT occur during the Grand Apartheid years?

a. Foreign capital and public investment in strategic industries increased, leading to substantial economic modernization and development, and Africans began to move into semiskilled manufacturing jobs. b. Homelands, areas reserved for the exclusive use of Africans, were established. c. The South African government passed laws that allowed detention without trial and made it easier to torture prisoners. d. Restrictions were placed on African, Indian, and Colored enrollment in major universities, and a system of segregated colleges was established. e. The African National Congress was formed.

What method have all of the states used to try to improve voter turnout?

A. Give voters the option to vote prior to election day via mail-in ballots. B. Institute election holidays. C. Conduct elections over the Internet. D. Schedule election day on Saturdays. E. Allow people to vote on numerous days.