A leftward shift in aggregate demand will cause a decrease in both output and price level if aggregate supply is

Supply-side economics is based on the theory that:

a. budget deficits will stimulate demand, output, and employment. b. budget deficits will lead to higher interest rates, which will weaken their expansionary impact. c. higher tax rates will increase tax revenues. d. increases in aggregate supply lower the price level.

Dose-response functions for environmental hazards

a. always have thresholds c. must arise from the origin b. are strictly linear d. none of the above