Regarding the polygraph, which of the following best describes the position of the National Academy of Sciences?
a. The polygraph is accurate enough to use while other more sophisticated methods of detecting lying are being developed.
b. The polygraph leads to too many false findings of lying, damaging the lives of many innocent people.
c. The polygraph effectively measures physiological signs of lying, and their wide use is supported by research. d. There is not enough research to determine if the wide use of polygraphs is justified.
e. The polygraph cannot accurately distinguish lying from emotional reactions of honest people put in pressure situations.
e
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The fact that you answer the phone only when it rings is an example of the guidance of
behavior by a. negative reinforcement. b. successive approximations. c. generalizing stimuli. d. discriminative stimuli. e. blocking.
Subliminal conditioning is ________
A) instrumental conditioning that occurs with awareness of the stimuli that are used B) observational learning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are use C) zone of proximal development learning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used D) instrumental conditioning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used E) classical conditioning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used