A rat's home cage is strongly associated with food, water, warmth, and safety. As a result, an opportunity for the rat to enter its home cage can likely function as a(n) _____ reinforcer

Which of the following is TRUE?

a. Those over 65 years of age are more likely than younger adults to suffer from chronic conditions. b. The mortality rate for adults in the U.S. rises sharply between ages 45 and 50. c. Across all age groups, the number one killer is accidents. d. Those over 65 and young adults are equally likely to suffer from acute conditions, such as the common cold or the flu.

Karl has been trying to reach Myra for 45 minutes, but her phone is busy. He redials every few minutes, but he still hasn't been able to get through. Based on what is known about schedules of reinforcement, you should conclude that Karl's redialing is being reinforced based on a:

a. fixed-ratio schedule b. variable-ratio schedule c. variable-interval schedule d. fixed-interval schedule