As the courts and legislatures cleared the books of laws that legalized racial discrimination, affirmative action developed in the 1970s as a new tactic. What was its purpose?
a. It required that the employment process be color-blind and that race not be mentioned.
b. It required that the federal government’s agencies approve all employment decisions to ensure compliance.
c. It intentionally encouraged lawsuits against private companies as a way of bringing them into compliance.
d. It created a remedy for discriminatory hiring practices of the past and present whereby preference, in certain circumstances, could be given to minorities.
e. It created policies that made it more difficult to hire or promote a white employee.
ANS: D
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In Wickard v. Filburn, the Supreme Court held that Congress has the power to regulate __________ activities even if such activities are only indirectly related to interstate commerce
a. economic b. educational c. holiday d. interstate
The chairpersons of the powerful congressional committees are
a. chosen in a nationwide election. b. elected by the full membership of Congress. c. members of the majority party who are appointed by the majority party leadership. d. evenly divided between majority and minority party members. e. appointed based solely on seniority regardless of party affiliation.