Economic growth can be measured by:

Which of the following describes a situation in which demand must be inelastic?

a. Total revenue decreases by 10 percent when the price of spats rises by 10 percent. b. Total revenue decreases by less than 10 percent when the price of spats rises by 10 percent. c. Total revenue increases by more than 10 percent when the price of spats rises by 10 percent. d. Total revenue decreases by $10 when the price of spats rises by $10. e. Total revenue decreases by more than $10 when the price of spats rises by $10.

Which of the following best describes real-world U.S. markets?

a. In most markets, the firms face steep demand curves for their output. b. They combine characteristics of monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. c. Effective competition exists in only about 25 percent of those markets. d. The dominant share of U.S. manufacturing output is produced by firms with the power to vary their prices over a wide range. e. Perfect competition is useful as a model for very few U.S. markets.