Culture-fair intelligence tests have been shown to be entirely free of cultural influences

Jaliah wants to play with a certain toy, but every time she tries to reach for it, another child pushes her away. This situation, in which Jaliah's goal is blocked, would best be considered an example of:

a. instrumental aggression b. modeling c. frustration d. assertiveness

Which of the following is a disadvantage of performing an episiotomy?

A) It reduces the responsiveness of the baby shortly after birth. B) The incision made during an episiotomy may cause itching and discomfort as it heals. C) It leads to the transmission of viruses that cause genital herpes and AIDS. D) The incision made during an episiotomy often leads to the random tearing of vaginal muscles.