The term "business fluctuations" refers to
A) changes in overall business activity, as evidenced by changes in national income, employment, and the price level.
B) changes in the general price level from inflation to deflation, or vice versa.
C) changes in the full employment level of economic activity.
D) changes in the value of the dollar.
A
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Adam spent $10,000 on new equipment for his small business, "Adam's Fitness Studio." Membership at his fitness center is very low and at this rate, Adam needs an additional $12,000 per year to keep his studio open. Which of the following is true
A) The fixed cost of running the studio is $22,000. B) The $10,000 Adam spent on equipment is the total cost of starting the business and the $12,000 he'll need to continue operations is a marginal cost. C) The variable cost of running the studio is $22,000. D) The $10,000 Adam spent on equipment is a fixed cost of business and the $12,000 he'll need to continue operations is a variable cost.
The following are reasons for studying randomized controlled experiment in an econometrics course, with the exception of
A) at a conceptual level, the notion of an ideal randomized controlled experiment provides a benchmark against which to judge estimates of causal effects in practice. B) when experiments are actually conducted, their results can be very influential, so it is important to understand the limitations and threats to validity of actual experiments as well as their strength. C) randomized controlled experiments in economics are common. D) external circumstances sometimes produce what appears to be randomization.