Mark repeatedly failed at school and was retained twice. He has begun to believe that there is nothing he can do to improve his grades, so he gives up and eventually drops out of school in the tenth grade. Mark's school experience illustrates the concept of __________

Cross-cultural studies of Eysenck's genetic determinants of the three major superfactors suggests that

a) the superfactors are universal personality dimensions. b) the superfactors are not stable over the course of an individual's life. c) additional superfactors are likely to be identified. d) the superfactors are more easily assessed in males than in females.

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow emphasized that people have __________

a) free will. b) subconscious drives. c) a desire to harm others. d) physical needs that must be satisfied.