What is the name given to the idea that the public would form interest groups to shape government policies through competition?

When one group of participants is measured before and after the manipulation of the independent variable, we have a(n)

A) ex post facto design. B) ad hoc design. C) single-group, pretest-posttest design. D) pretest-posttest, control-group design.

The written arguments of each side to an appeal are called

a. complaints b. responses c. briefs d petitions