The Voting Rights Act of 1965 employed a rough index of discrimination to apply the scrutiny of the federal government to how many states that had historically been most recalcitrant in refusing to allow African Americans to vote?

Which statement explains how the functioning of the American legal system intensifies political conflict in the United States?

a. Federal judges are able to ignore public opinion because they are appointed to lifetime terms. b. The exercise of judicial review often results in court rulings that function like public policy decisions. c. The adversarial system results in a tense courtroom atmosphere when high-profile cases are being tried. d. The courts' use of precedent makes it important for elected officials to be as precise as possible when writing laws.

What are the three main approaches Congress has taken to regulating lobbyists? Give a specific example of each. Which of these approaches seems to be the most effective?

What will be an ideal response?