John is a pathological liar. He takes things from others, takes advantage of them and never exhibits any remorse after he is done. John has ________ personality disorder

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of the dogs, and they began to salivate. Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps. The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a _______

a) primary reinforcer. b) positive reinforcer. c) conditioned response. d) secondary reinforcer.

When asked about stereotypes related to groups to which we belong, we tend to remember ___________ stereotypes

a. positive b. negative c. neutral d. rare