For fear appeals to be effective, the speaker needs to convince the audience that the threat is real

Billi is addressing a diverse gathering in her hometown of San Diego who have met

to discuss the merits of a neighborhood watch program. She insists that her listeners all keep a loaded gun in their home and know how to use it, adding, "It is your responsibility to your family, yourself, and your community to fight crime when it rears its ugly head. Anything less is pure negligence on your part with a dose of cowardice thrown in!" In terms of her ethical obligation to her listeners, how would we evaluate Billi's appeal? A) It is good—as well as often productive—to offend, especially a captive audience. B) Billi recognizes that the truth hurts sometimes but still must be spoken and heard. C) Billi is justified; she has employed the means necessary to arouse great passion. D) Some listeners will likely view her remarks as tasteless and of poor judgment.

Using a qualitative methodology and collecting data in the field, a researcher:

A. should be objective. B. will have a great deal of control over what happens. C. has no opportunity to ask interactants what communication events mean. D. will not have control over what happens. E. must refrain from developing additional questions or modifying the initial research question.