Research on first impressions and the use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) compared to face-to-face interactions suggests that the lack of nonverbal cues in CMC ______.

a. produces simple and exaggerated stereotypes
b. leads to first impressions that lack the scope of impressions formed face-to-face
c. leads to first impressions that are more intense than those formed face-to-face
d. all of these

d. all of these