While humans have not changed much biologically in the previous 200,000 years, we live in vastly different cultural environments due to our cognitive capacity to formulate ways to change our environments.

After weeks of being taunted by her so-called "friends" at school, Alyssa begins actively avoiding them whenever possible. Her coping style is best described as ______

a. confrontation c. compromise b. withdrawal d. rationalization

Professor Matthews is carrying out a within-subjects experiment where she is administering to her participants a list of words to memorize and, in the second condition, after a 10mg dose of caffeine, she administers the same list of words to memorize

. She is worried that the sequence of the words on the list might interfere with her ability to interpret whether or not caffeine affects one's ability to memorize. Based on this description, it appears that Professor Matthews is concerned about a potential __________ in her research design. a. order effect b. independent variable c. interrupted time-series d. placebo effect