Suppose the money demand of individuals and firms depends on what they perceive to be the probabilities that the economy will expand or contract over the following six months
Suppose their money demand is given by the equation L = 0.5Y - 100i + 20z, where z is the probability that the economy is expanding six months in the future. If z = 1, the economy will certainly be in recovery, if z = 0, the economy will certainly be in recession, and for z between 0 and 1 there is some uncertainty about the future state of the economy. Use a classical (RBC) model of the economy. If the Fed moves the money supply to target the price level, how does the money supply relate to the expected future state of the economy? Is this an example of reverse causation?
For a given level of real output and the nominal interest rate, to target the price level means that the nominal money supply moves directly with z (so that ?M = 20?z). This a version of reverse causation because the probability of higher future output affects the money supply today.
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If the price of hair styling increases, then
A) hair styling salons hire fewer workers but makes more profit. B) hair stylists demand an increase in wages and the salons hire fewer workers. C) the value of marginal product of each hair stylist increases and the demand curve for hair stylists shifts leftward. D) the value of marginal product of each hair stylist increases and the demand curve for hair stylists shifts rightward.
According to classical economists, the government should increase government purchases when
A) the benefits of the spending exceed the costs. B) the economy is in a recession. C) the economy is likely to go into a recession in the next six months to a year. D) inflation is lower than its targeted level.