According to the search model developed by Stigler, when there are search costs, sellers know that consumers are becoming acquainted with product quality, and consequently all sellers set the same quality. In contrast if there are no search costs, product quality differences can persist over time, even for identically priced products

How did Milton Friedman define permanent income?

a) The present value of an individual's past incomes. b) The present value of an individual's future stream of income. c) The future value of an individual's past incomes. d) The future value of an individual's future stream of income.

Assume that the multiplier effect for Mexico is 0.85 for an increase in spending by the U.S. government by $1 . Therefore, a $20 billion decrease in spending by the U.S. government results in:

a. a $23.5 billion increase in Mexican real GDP. b. a $133.3 billion decrease in Mexican real GDP. c. a $3 billion decrease in Mexican real GDP. d. a $17 billion decrease in Mexican real GDP. e. a $23.5 billion decrease in Mexican real GDP.