During neonatal and pediatric venoarterial bypass ECLS, which vessels or heart chambers are commonly cannulated to feed venous blood from the patient's body to the pump, and to return arterial blood to the patient?

A. venous feed = inferior vena cava; arterial return = subclavian artery
B. venous feed = right atrium; arterial return = left atrium
C. venous feed = right atrium; arterial return = common carotid artery
D. venous feed = internal jugular vein; arterial return = common carotid artery

ANS: D
A. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
C. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
D. Correct response: Neonatal and pediatric venoarterial extracorporeal support generally accesses the right atrium for venous return via cannulation of the internal jugular vein. The common carotid artery is cannulated for arterial blood return to the body.